Oracle 12c安装方法及一些使用问题
Linux Centos6.5 64bit下安装oracle12c：
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
mkdir -p /u01/oracle
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /u01/oracle oracle
（这里不是一定要把home目录更改到/u01/oracle，默许也可。）
把下面三个文件复制到 /u01/oracle目录下
[root@oracle /]# cd /etc/skel/
[root@oracle skel]# ll -a
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 18 7月 18 2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 176 7月 18 2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 124 7月 18 2013 .bashrc
注：useradd添加用户时，会自动从这个目录下的文件复制到用户的家目录
password oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01/
/*安装vnc*/
yum -y install tigervnc-server
vncserver 回车
输入密码
ps -ef | grep vnc
vnc客户端连接：ip:1
检测会不会有安装以下程序：
binutils⑵.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++⑶3⑶.2.3 –
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 –
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 –
gcc⑷.1.2 –
gcc-c++⑷.1.2 –
glibc⑵.5⑵4
glibc-common⑵.5
glibc-devel⑵.5
glibc-headers⑵.5
kernel-headers⑵.6.18
ksh⑵0060214 –
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 –
libgcc⑷.1.2
libgomp⑷.1.2
libstdc++⑷.1.2
libstdc++-devel⑷.1.2 –
make⑶.81
sysstat⑺.0.2
unixODBC⑵.2.11 –
unixODBC-devel⑵.2.11 –
修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，加上以下参数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
为使上述配置生效而不重启系统，履行以下命令
# /sbin/sysctl -p
修改用户限制
root用户：修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，加上下面的参数
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
修改用户验证选项
root用户下：修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上以下参数
session required pam_limits.so
修改用户配置文件
root用户下：修改/etc/profile文件加入以下参数：
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
修改oracle用户bash_profile：
$ vi .bash_profile
增加以下内容，主要是修改
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=hxw168
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
安装oracle:
安装oracle没法使用命令/usr/bin/xdpyinfo自动检查显示器色彩：
[root@oracle /]# xdpyinfo | grep "name of display" name of display: :1.0 [root@oracle /]# 在Oracle用户下履行命令： export DISPLAY=:1.0 （上面name of display:后面的 :1.0）
prvf-0002:没法检索本地节点名
host文件 ip与名称对应
192.168.198.188 oracle
SQL> create user admin identified by zerostudy;
create user admin identified by zerostudy
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA⑹5096: invalid common user or role name
SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000, “invalid common user or role name”
// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to
// the usual rules for user and role names, common user and role
// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII
// characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.
//
解决方法：
调剂虚拟机的内存到600多M(原来1G多)，启动oracle时提示：
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> !oerr ora 00854
00854, 00000, “ASM IOServer Instance Fence monitor process terminated.”
// *Cause: The ASM IOServer Fence monitor process died.
// *Action: Warm start the instance.
缘由就是Linux系统的shm的大小比SGA设置的小酿成的。
可以调剂shm的大小:
vi /etc/fstab
修改以下行的设置
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
改成
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=6G 0 0
重新mount下shm使其生效
mount -o remount /dev/shm
TNS⑴2514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
需要更改listener.ora文件（跟径在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin），然后重启lsnrctl
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
#LISTENER =
# (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
# (DESCRIPTION =
# (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
# (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))
# )
# )
hxw168 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
SID_LIST_hxw168=
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC=
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/product/12.1.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = hxw168)
)
)
oracle简单的启动脚本：
[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/init.d/oracle su - oracle <<EOF lsnrctl start sqlplus / as sysdba startup EOF
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文章标题：Oracle 12c安装方法及一些使用问题
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